Archive for the ‘Computer Programming Learning’ Category

Learning Speed Reading. When you are starting to learn speed reading one of the common mistakes the learner makes is trying to read faster by speeding up what they already do. This approach may bring some gain, but they will be short lived. Here’s how to overcome this mistake.

The learner gives up simply because this approach is exhausting. It can not be maintained over extended periods. Think of a day when you woke up late and had to rush to get out of the house. If you have to do that all the time, you burn yourself out.

Almost all speed reading programs will begin with some form of visual eye-span training. Increasing the efficiency of the eyes is part of the process. However, all the books, and programs I have researched takes the visual training to the extreme. Some have the learner expanding the eye-span beyond the 1-3 inches of normal dimensional sight. Their concept is if the eyes take in more, then eventually you’ll understand more. This is only partially true. So the process is speeding up the eyes into a frenzy of mechanized movements that eventually lead to fatigue. Meanwhile the mind takes a hike and wanders off somewhere else.

But what are you doing to get your mind to respond? You need to train it as well!

The key to lasting results with speed reading training is simple – to change your performance of how you read now, you need to radically change your behavior. This does not mean you merely speed up the visual process. You must also change how your mind responds to the print. That means you also need to shift how you comprehend as well as how your eyes function in the reading process.

The real change is a change in perception. Perception refers to the brain’s process of filtering and interpreting information. This is also the definition of reading – interpreting visual symbols. Currently your brain is conditioned to read (interpret) in a word by word pattern that is based on a linear grammatical structure and speaking patterns. It is so ingrained, that it is a habit that is hard to break. This limits your speed to about how fast you speak.

This perceptual change in how to understand (interpret) print rapidly requires the learner to turn the approach literally upside down. Instead of focusing on the individual pieces (words and phrases), the learner needs to first grasp the concepts and ideas. Then, if needed, you go into the facts, details, and specifications. This is in harmony with what brain researchers have already discovered. Neuro-scientists learned that the brain first scans the whole of a situation before it tunes into the details.

After reading that, you may think, that sounds simple. However, in practice perceptual change is difficult because of the habit of how we have come to understand comprehension. Habits are hard to break. In order for behavioral change to become a habit, the behavior needs to be repeated over an extended period of time. Most behaviorists agree that takes thirty to forty-five days at a minimum. Most people give up either because they do not have the self-discipline to repeat the exercises and training, or they don’t have effective coaching. Don’t make this mistake if you really want to learn to speed read. Find more information about Dieting Revealed – Lose 30 Pounds Quickly here.

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There are many professional categories in the domain of computer science. In this brief article, we look in to the responsibilities of computers programming professionals.

Coding, or in other words, program writing, is the main responsibility of computers programming professionals. For this there are dozens of programming languages available. In addition to that, the programmers are required to follow predefined conventions and standards when writing their code.

Writing the source code is just not enough to produce working software. The programmer is required to successful compile and link the source, so the program can work on the target platform. For this steps, there are software called compilers (such as C compiler), that convert source code to binary instructions.
Once the program is written by a computers programming professional, he/she is required to document the purpose of the source code and the business problem addressed by the software. In addition to that, the documentation should be sufficient for anyone to continue further developing the software.

Once computers programming professionals write individual components of software, the modules then need to be integrated. This is also performed by the programmer with the help of the software architect of the project.

Maintainability is one of the most important aspects of software development. If software is not maintainable, then it is not a good software program. Therefore, the computers programming professionals are required to add maintainability to their software.

Although we mention ‘Requirements analysis’ at a later point of this article than at the beginning, this is one of the most important first steps in the software development life cycle. The rule is that a programmer needs to know the requirement for writing a software program as he/she needs to write the program in such way that it meets the said requirements.

Largely, software testing is a different profession than computers programming profession. But, the programmers are required to dry-test their own programming code for obvious logical errors before the software program is passed to the software quality assurance team. Software quality assurance team then test for the software for functional and non-functional requirements specified by the clients.

Debugging is one of the last steps involved in computers programming. Once the quality assurance team finds ‘bugs’ in the software, the computers programming professionals are supposed to resolve the ‘bugs’. For debugging, programmer use different technologies and approaches depending on the tools used and the type of the ‘bug’. In general most of the functional and non functional bugs are caused by logical errors in the program level.

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As a novice to the world of computer programming, you maybe wondering how to learn computer programming. Computer programming learning is not a challenging task at all. If you have what it take to achieve aims in computer programming learning, it is all open for you. Let’s explore some of the tips and trick that should be adopted when learning computer programming.

Self learning and formal learning are the two methods of computer programming learning. If you take the most successful computer programmers, they all have gone through a formal education of computer programming learning before entering in to their programming career. Therefore it is a good idea for someone to go through a formal education in computer programming learning if there is any possibility. In case someone doesn’t have a formal background, programming is still a possibility. The individuals without a formal computer education can go through different computer programming courses offered by many institutions and then get in to their careers.

Wheb it comes to computer programming learning, choosing the right technology for you is one of the most important decisions as with the wrong selection, your computer programming career will be a disaster. Unlike programming concepts, the technologies and the tools used in the world of computer programming have a variety. It is not a possibility for one to become a master of all the technologies and the tools. Therefore, one should make a conscious decision of choosing the ‘right’ technology for them at the early age of the career. Later, all the future computer programming learning initiatives will be based on what has been chosen at this point.

There are many books available for the individuals who are interested in going though the self learning of computer programming. Of course, self learning is one of the significant methods of computer programming learning that has been contributing to the progress of computer programming. The Internet is one of the best resources for the souls who are interested in computer programming learning by themselves. The Internet offers books, articles, blogs, and research papers in the field of computer programming for free. Apart from that, you can find program code samples from the Internet, so you can see how exactly the code is written for some of the common programming problems.

Once you become and compter programmer, computer programming learning will become a repetitive task as you are supposed to learn what is new in the field of computer industry daily. As new technologies come in to the world of computer science, the programmers are expected to study then thoroughly as they are needed to develop the business solutions based on the latest technologies.

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To ensure that you build and deploy the most secure software possible, Orthus recommends the following best practices for secure coding:  

1. Validate user input

Never assume that input from HTML forms is valid.  Just because you gave the user only hidden fields or pull downs, or you had JavaScript to validate every input, does not guarantee the input will not be tampered with.  A hacker with a simple local Web proxy can change anything they want after the JavaScript executes.

Verify that all input from the user contains valid characters and represents a valid value before using that value in your application.  Check it early in the processing of the request to avoid accidental use before the validation is done.  Also, check it at multiple levels (see defence-in-depth, later).  Be restrictive.  You can always ease up on the restrictions.  It’s harder to tighten up the validation rules later, as you may have already stored user data that would no longer be valid.

2 Escape input values

Implementing any code that creates file paths, HTML, SQL statements or other strings that another subsystem parses requires care.  User input may contain characters that allow a hacker to cause your application to pass invalid strings to those subsystems that result in unauthorized access.

Unless you disallow all special characters in your input validation, you will need to make sure you properly escape or in some other way, account for special characters in the target subsystem (see the documentation for the subsystem in question for definitive escape requirements).  For example,

• in inputs used to calculate file paths: /, . or ..
• in strings used to calculate or display HTML: >, <, “, &
• in strings used to calculate SQL statements: ‘, “,

Many runtime environments already provide functions to escape these inputs.  Use techniques like parameter substitutions in the database interface rather than building up query strings using concatenation.  Leverage this and other layers of protection that system components provide.

3. Fail Safe

When making decisions that affect security, it is important to write code to deny access by default.  Only allow access after confirmation that the user has proper authorization to proceed.  Also, avoid the use of negatives.  It is too easy to get the sense of logic wrong.  The code above would be clearer if the local variable reflected the same sense as that of the method being implemented.

4. Treat sensitive security information with care

Be mindful of the type of information being handled.  If the information is sensitive, take special care in the code than handles it.  Breaches that reveal information such as passwords, PINs and personal data can be disastrous.

Make sure this information is only stored in appropriate locations.  For instance, never write to an application or system log any of the user’s personal information (password, SSN, credit card numbers, etc.), as these logs may be readable by operational personnel who should not have access to that personal information.  Write only enough information about the user to identify within the application which user made the request.

Encrypt the sensitive data stored on mass storage.  Storing clear-text passwords in a database, for instance, means that a hacker who simply gains read access may have all the keys to the kingdom.

Only store the hashed copy of the password and use this to compare with the hashed user input (these values should also be salted to increase the work required for a dictionary attack).

Inevitably, there are clear-text copies of the user input in memory, often on the heap long after the code runs, and maybe on the paging file of the operating system.  Keep the length of the code path used to process the clear-text password as short as possible.  Also, clear the contents of this local memory storage within the same block as the declaration of that storage.  This will help keep the clear-text passwords off the stack and heap.

5. Practice defence-in-depth

Protect your application in multiple ways.  Do input validation with the tools the application environment provides.  In addition, write your code to assume the input validation might fail.  This costs little in terms of code or performance, but makes the code more robust in the face of failure.

6. Minimise error message information

Provide intelligible, useful error messages to your users, but keep the details in the log file.  For example, users don’t need to know about database operations or details of the errors encountered.  A safer approach is to tell the user something went wrong, but only provide the details in the log.

7. Good comments

Good comments in code are a major help in maintaining code – if they help make the code clearer.  Many developers know they should add comments and so they take the easy way out and add comments saying what the code does.  The code is right there. Readers can see what it does – these comments are not what they need.  Tell them why decisions are being made the way they are.  Help the reader understand the code.

8.  Study patterns

When reviewing code, you can often find logic errors that may affect security by watching for patterns in the source code and looking for exceptions to those patterns. For instance, in the following code:

if (result == CASE_1) return(VALUE_1);

else if (result == CASE_2) return(VALUE_2);

else if (result == CASE_3) return(VALUE_3);

else if (result == CASE_4) return(VALUE_4);

else if (result == CASE_5) return(VALUE_2);

/* otherwise we’re good to go with the default */

return (VALUE_0); 

The next to last return statement looks suspicious. It could be a cut and paste error. It could be a logic error and cause the return value to mislead the caller into providing access to something that should be denied – e.g., a list of employees rather than a list of distributors.

9.  Have someone review your code

Find someone else to review your code and offer to reciprocate.  Having someone else read through your code almost always results in them asking you questions.  The ‘what if?’ and ‘why that way?’ questions make you think about and justify your choices outside the more solitary activity of writing the code.  This change in context provides an opportunity to step back and take a fresh look at your work.

10. Study defects

When a security-related defect is found in your code, try to understand the cause.  Study the defect and try to determine how you would have done things differently.  When another developer makes the change, understand the changes that they made – maybe there’s another way to fix it other than what you chose.  Over time you’ll be able to recognize the patterns of these defects and generalize the solutions. Part of what you should strive for is to not make the same mistake. Learn from your mistakes and the mistakes of others.

Sean Bennett is Commercial Director at Orthus limited (http://www.orthus.com). Orthus is a leading provider of information risk professional services, helping orgnisations globally to measure, minimise and manage the information risks they face. Orthus provide end to end services for clients to comprehensivly address risk in their environments including Insider Threats, addressing issues including data leakage, sabotage and fraud; External Threats (http://www.orthus.com/dr_overview.htm) including wireless security, penetration testing, virtualisation security, vulnerability management and Secure Software Development Life-Cycle; Supply Chain Threats including securing cloud services and data processed by third parties; and Legal and Regulatory challenges including Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard (DSS).

Article Source:http://www.articlesbase.com/security-articles/10-best-practices-for-secure-coding-981947.html

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